Ubuntu Guide For Windows Users: Getting Help At The Command Prompt
For many new Ubuntu and Linux users, making the transition from Windows to Ubuntu is an exercise in not getting frustrated. For those who stick it out, there comes that eventual time when you need to go beyond the GUI, fire up a Terminal window and start working at the command prompt.
Because Linux provides so many commands and possible options, you can’t expect to recall all of them or know their meaning
To help, Linux provides several methods, such as man and the apropos commands, which let you access a help database that describes each command and its options.
As always with any Linux based system, many resources are available when help is needed, and the command prompt is no exception. One thing to keep in mind when using the command prompt, unlike Windows, Linux (including Ubuntu) is case sensitive, so be sure to type each character of a command in the proper case.
Display Options And Arguments For Commands
Say you’re working with a command and you want to know what options are available. The easiest method is to just type the command with the help option:
command –help
The Forgotten Keyboard Function Keys And Their Uses
Along the top of your keyboard is a row of keys numbered F1 to F10 or F12. Even though you may never use them, they do have function. In fact, the F stands for Function and they are called Function keys. Below is a list of what each key does. After the list is a trick that you can use Function keys for. Most of the items on the list below apply only to Windows and Windows’ programs, especially Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer.
keyboard function
Some programs have their own set of functions that they have assigned to the Function keys. You can find these in the menu of the program. The menu items which are assigned a function key have the corresponding function key designated after the item name. If you press that function key, you can perform that function without using the menu or buttons. The program’s help or manual should also tell which functions are assigned to the function keys. You might want to try each one of these as you read through them.
Function Keys for Windows
* F1 – Opens Help for the currently displayed program (this does not work on all programs).
* Windows Logo key and F1 – Opens Windows’ Help.
* F2 – Highlights the name of a selected object for renaming in Windows Explorer, desktop, and some other Windows’ programs. First, you need to select an item that can be renamed (like, a file or shortcut). After pressing F2, you can then type what you want to rename the object to.
* F3 – Brings up Search in Windows Explorer.
* F4 – Drops down the Address bar in Internet Explorer showing your previous locations. This allows you to scroll down and select one.
* Alt and F4 – Closes the currently displayed program.
* F5 – Refreshes the view in Windows Explorer, Internet Explorer (in other words, it looks at the source again and reloads the contents), and other programs. In MailWasher it checks the mail (which I guess would be a kind of refresh).
* F6 – moves the cursor around the structure of a program. Pressing it may cycle you from window to window or from place to place within the program. In Windows Explorer it moves you from the left pane to the right pane and back. This is similar to what the Tab key does.
* Alt and F6 – Switches between multiple windows in the same program (for example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed, ALT+F6 switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window).
* F7 – does not have any functionality in Windows. It may be used in individual programs.
* F8 – accesses Safe Mode if pressed at the right time while the computer is starting. Safe Mode is a trouble-shooting mode, which will start the computer with minimal drivers.
* F9 – does not have any functionality in Windows. It may be used in individual programs.
* F10 – Changes the focus to and from the menu. Pressing the Alt key will also do this. Once the focus is on the menu items, you can use the arrow keys to navigate to an item and the Enter key to select it.
* Shift and F10 – brings up the popup menu in Windows Explorer much like right clicking on an item does.
* F11 – Switches between regular screen mode and full screen mode. Full screen mode is like a maximized screen but with more screen space and less toolbar controls
* F12 – does not have any functionality in Windows. It may be used in individual programs.
You may have noticed that some of the Function keys are not used (F7, F9, F12) in Windows. That doesn’t mean that they can’t be used. You can assign them or any other key combination to quickly run programs that you frequently use. Here are instructions for doing that.
- Locate the shortcut of that program. The Start menu is a good place to find shortcuts (every icon in the Start menu is a shortcut). If the program doesn’t have a shortcut, create one.
- Right click on the shortcut and select the Properties item from the popup menu.
- The Properties dialog will open. Go to the Shortcut tab.
- Put the curser in the Shortcut key textbox and press the Function key or key combination (like Alt + Ctrl + 2) which you want to use to start the program.
- The Function key name or key combination name will appear in the box.
- Click on the Apply button (or the OK button) and close the dialog.
After you have done this, whenever you press that Function key or key combination, that program will start. Please note that if you use a Function key or key combination that is already used by Windows or other programs, it will no longer work in Windows or the other programs as it used to and will instead start your program.
To disable this, follow the above instructions but press Backspace or Delete in the Shortcut key textbox.
The Function keys are there to make your life easier. Now you can start using them.
Author – Ray Geide of Ray’s Computer Tips and many top computer software
Super Win Software, Inc.
The Tea Cup – (amazing Moral)
There was a couple who used to go shopping in beautiful stores. They both liked antiques and pottery, especially teacups. One day in a shop they saw a beautiful teacup.
They said, “May we see that? We’ve never seen one quite so beautiful.” As the storekeeper handed it to them, suddenly the teacup spoke.
“You don’t understand,” it said. “I haven’t always been a teacup. There was a time when I was red and I was clay.” My master took me and rolled me and patted me over and over and I yelled out, “let me alone”, but he only smiled, “Not yet.”
“Then I was placed on a spinning wheel,” the teacup said, “and suddenly I was spun around and around. Stop it! I’m getting dizzy!” I screamed. But my master only nodded and said, ‘Not yet.”
Then he put me in the oven. I never felt such heat. I wondered why he wanted to burn me, and I yelled and knocked at the door. I could see him through the opening and I could read his lips as He shook his head, “Not yet.”
Finally the door opened, he put me on the shelf, and I began to cool. “There, that’s better,” I said. And he brushed and painted me all over. The fumes were horrible. I thought I would gag. ”Stop it, stop it!” I cried. He only nodded,”Not yet.”
Then I knew there wasn’t any hope. I would never make it. I was ready to give up. But the door opened and he took me out and placed me on the shelf.
One hour later he handed me a mirror and said, “Look at yourself.” And I did. I said,”That’s not me; that couldn’t be me. It’s beautiful. I’m beautiful.”
Then my Master said to me, “I know it hurts to be rolled and patted, but if I had left you alone, you’d have dried up. I know it made you dizzy to spin around on the wheel, but if I had stopped, you would have crumbled.
I knew it hurt and was hot and disagreeable in the oven, but if I hadn’t put you there, you would have cracked. I know the fumes were bad when I brushed and painted you all over, but if I hadn’t done that, you never would have hardened;you would not have had any color in your life.
You are what I had in mind when I first began with you.”
Moral: God knows what He’s doing (for all of us).He is the all-Wise & all-Knowing.
He will mold us, by passing us through difficulties in life. So that we become better human beings and face the challenges of life with ease.
i have no idea to grow up this site www.anakkost.info the web server have abad service and i can’t instal some cms, now i try to make a web blog using indonesian wordpress i hope this work.
actualy i want to make forum and a online store but I don’t know how to start a forum and I don’t have anything to sale in the store…
it’s hard to be a web enterpreneur.
but lets try, we dont know about the effort if not tryng…
me.
It’s me!
I was born as the first child of four children, was born eighteen years before I typed this post. Oh yes, this is only a post rather than a diary that tells kesahku complained. It is not also a novel that raised the real story. Information about myself I was born and given the name “Ronald Pardede”, waw pretty name, one year eight months I became an only child. Before my first sister was born!. Not a lot of what I saw in those days than what my parents told olehorang and the people around them. That’s what I know is I was born in the late afternoon of April six years and nine one. Born with a healthy body, fat and big. Maybe because I was conceived during the ten months.
My childhood quite pleasant, with undivided attention from parents. Born in a village two and a half hour away from the city district. Born of a mother who married a guru.di a place my father in assigned housing. My growth is quite good, though far from town, my parents gave me milk powder every day after the breastfeeding period. A form of love that I proud of today. At that very rarely infants and toddlers get the milk. My parents bought the milk through the only one in the village minibus, minibus that nearly each day to the city. I’m healthy babies liked by neighbors, in the afternoon when the mother carried me for a walk around the house a lot of girls who like to carry me.
Pleasure that continues even though my sister was born, my parents’ attention remains intact to me. My first sister was born on December twenty-five nine two. Right Christmas night, but in the village my family is the only Christian family. That’s what I know about the birth of my sister. Then me and my sister grew up together. Because of our age are not much different from father to equate what I get toys and toys that gets. We are quite a lot of toys compared to other children in the village.
Six years from my birth I went to elementary school. Although it before it happens, I’ve started to learn. I never felt the bench playgroup or kindergarten. Because of the village there is no educational institutions are like that. Due to limited classroom space, the between-class and second class at the join in one room, and besides the number of primary school students in the place was not too much.
reason why i make this blog
this blog is dedicated for my self,
to introduce my self to world explain about my activity , tell about my hope, describe about my project. this blog show all my creativities, all about my love story, all about my family,. I will wrote all of my mind in this blog.
this blog is just about me
Hello world!
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